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On December 18, 1865, the United States Congress ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution, this made slavery illegal throughout the country. By December 18, 2015, One-hundred and Fifty years later, recent protests around the nation suggest that many African Americans still feel restricted from the American promise of freedom. This powerful lecture, Progression of African-American Male Hostility: Five Generations of Struggle, 1865-2015 offers an anthropological explanation for why many African Americans do not feel free, and subsequently become at-risk to incarceration, gang violence, untimely death and other social ills.